What kind of bases are there

Thus, HPO 4 2 - is an acid and base together, making it amphoteric. A 50 ml solution of 0. What was the concentration of the HCl? Solution: Since the number of moles of acid equals the number of moles of base at neutralization, the following equation is used to solve for the molarity of HCl:. In the following acid-base neutralization, 2.

First, the number of moles of the acid needs to be calculated. This is done by using the molar mass of HBr to convert 2. Since this is a neutralization reaction, the number of moles of the acid HBr equals the number of moles of the base NaOH at neutralization:.

The molarity of NaOH can now be determined since the amount of moles are found and the volume is given. Convert However, NH 3 does not dissociate in water like the others. Instead, it takes a proton from water and becomes NH 4 while water becomes a hydroxide. Jim Clark Chemguide. The Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases In , the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius proposed two specific classifications of compounds; acids and bases.

Note Arrhenius acids are substances which produce hydrogen ions in solution. Arrhenius bases are substances which produce hydroxide ions in solution. Limitations to the Arrhenius Theory The Arrhenius theory has many more limitations than the other two theories. In this theory, acids are defined as proton donors ; whereas bases are defined as proton acceptors. Figure 4. The pH scale shows that substances with a pH greater than 7 are basic and a pH less than 7 are acidic. Lewis Theory The Lewis theory of acids and bases states that acids act as electron pair acceptors and bases act as electron pair doners.

Figure 2. The Lewis structures of ammonia and boron trifluoride. Figure 3. Neutralization A special property of acids and bases is their ability to neutralize the other's properties. Therefore, the general form of an acid-base reaction is: The following are examples of neutralization reactions: 1. Titrations Titrations are performed with acids and bases to determine their concentrations.

Sample Problems 1. What is an acidic solution? What is a basic or alkaline solution? Chemical reactions in the body, the food we eat, medication we take, and the effects of some diseases can add or remove hydrogen or hydroxyl ions in or from our body fluids. Then, all cells in our body depend on homeostatic regulation of acid-base balance to maintain pH within optimal living conditions. There are several homeostatic mechanisms to maintain pH within optimal conditions. It can be regulated by the internal availability of substances chemicals , by adjusting breathing rate, and by eliminating chemicals in urine.

Chemical buffers in the body are substances that can absorb extra hydrogen ions preventing a change in pH. Dear Wondering, Batter up! Submit a new comment. Contact Alice! Originally Published:. All materials on this website are copyrighted. All rights reserved. Here are two examples. Now let's look at lye, a strong base with the chemical formula NaOH sodium hydroxide.

The sodiums don't do anything important, but the hydroxyls make the solution more basic. One last question: Why are strong acids and strong bases so nasty?

It's because they are out of balance. They either have too many positive charges and are looking for negatives to get back into balance, or they have too many negative charges and are looking for positives to get back into balance.

This makes them very reactive with anything they contact. When the positives and negatives are in equal number, they neutralize each other. What is pH? The pH scale is a measure of acidity on a 14 point scale, where 7 is the neutral midpoint. You can buy electronic pH meters or pH indicator paper from any biological or lab supply company, which can be used to give you an accurate measurement of the acidic or basic quality of substances you want to test.